
"Black
is like the silence of the body after death, the close of life."- Wassily Kandinsky, 1911 Wassily Kandinsky was a Russian painter, whose exploration
of the possibilities of abstraction make him one of the most
important innovators in modern art. Both as an artist and as a
theorist he played a pivotal role in the development of abstract art.
He was born in Moscow in 1866, and spent his early childhood in
Odessa. His parents played the piano and the zither and Kandinsky
himself learned the piano and cello at an early age. The influence
of music in his paintings cannot be overstated, down to the names of
his paintings Improvisations, Impressions, and Compositions.
Kandinsky once said |
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In 1895 Kandinsky attended a
French Impressionist exhibition where he saw
Monet's
"Haystacks at Giverny".
Wassily Kandinsky
stated, "It was from the catalog I learned this was a haystack. I
was upset I had not recognized it. I also thought the painter had no
right to paint in such an imprecise fashion. Dimly I was aware too
that the object did not appear in the picture..." Soon thereafter,
at the age of thirty, Kandinsky left Moscow and went to Munich to
study life-drawing, sketching and anatomy, regarded then as basic
for an artistic education. Ironically, Kandinsky's work moved in a
direction that was of much greater abstraction than that which was
pioneered by the Impressionists. It was not long before his talent
surpassed the constraints of art school and he began exploring his
own ideas of painting - "I applied streaks and blobs of colors onto
the canvas with a palette knife and I made them sing with all the
intensity I could.". In 1901 in Munich together with Rolf Niczky,
Waldemar Hecker, Gustav Freytag and Wilhelm Hüggen he founded
"Phalanx", an association for avant-garde artists. During the
next four years the association organized twelve exhibitions of its
members. It was in the "Phalanx School" that Kandinsky met Gabriele
Münter, an art student, who was to become his pupil, intimate
companion, and critic until 1914. |
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Around
1913 Kandinsky began working on paintings that came to be
considered the first totally
abstract works in modern art; they made
no reference to objects of the physical world and derived their
inspiration and titles from music.
Kandinsky's creation of purely abstract work followed a long
period of development and maturation of intense theoretical thought
based on his personal artistic experiences. He called this devotion
to inner beauty, fervor of spirit, and deep spiritual desire
inner necessity, which was a central aspect of his art. Now
considered to be the founder of abstract art, his work was exhibited
throughout Europe from 1903 onwards, and often caused controversy
among the public, the art critics, and his contemporaries.
Kandinsky's abstractions became increasingly geometric in form, as
he abandoned his earlier fluid style in favor of sharply etched
outlines and clear patterns. Composition VIII No. 260, for instance,
is composed solely of lines, circles, arcs, and other simple
geometric forms. In very late works such as Circle and Square, he
refines this style into a more elegant, complex mode that resulted
in beautifully balanced, jewel-like pictures. Kandinsky was an active
participant in several of the most influential and controversial art
movements of the 20th century, among them the Blue Rider which he
founded along with Franz Marc and the
Bauhaus
which also attracted
Paul Klee, Lyonel Feininger, and Schonberg. |
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Kandinsky continued to further express and define his form of
art, both on canvas and in his theoretical writings. His
reputation became firmly established in the United State's
through numerous exhibitions and his work was introduced to
Solomon Guggenheim, who became one of his most enthusiastic
supporters.
In 1933, Kandinsky left Germany and settled near Paris, in Neuilly. The paintings
from these later years were again the subject of controversy. Though out of
favor with many of the patriarchs of Paris's artistic community, younger artists
admired Kandinsky. His studio was visited regularly by Miro, Arp,
Magnelli and Sophie Tauber. In 1936 he participated in the
exhibition "Abstract and Concrete" in London, and "Cubism
and
Abstract Art" In New York. After the exhibition of "Degenerative
Art" in fascist Germany, 57 of his pieces in German museums were
confiscated, many works of the painter were destroyed. Kandinsky continued
painting almost until his death in June, 1944. his unrelenting quest
for new forms which carried him to the very extremes of geometric
abstraction have provided us with an unparalleled collection of
abstract art.
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